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KHANH HOA ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IMPETUS OF SOUTHERN CENTRAL VIETNAM
NATURAL CONDITIONS AND RESOURCES
(1) Topography
Khanh Hoa has a relatively complex topography, declining gradually in a west-east direction with mountains, hills, plains, coastal areas and off-shore areas. These topographical features have created rich and diverse landscapes, at times unique and integrated.
The western part is the eastern side of Truong Son range, consisting mainly of low mountains and hills, with a collapsing declivity and highly severed terrain. This is followed by a terrain of low mountains and hills interlaced with plateaus andvalleys, with rocky mountains protruding out to the sea at some places splitting the coastal plains into small and narrow plains in Van Ninh, Ninh Hoa, Dien Khanh and Cam Ranh districts. The 385km-long rugged coastline is thickly dotted with lagoons, bays, tidal shoals, and fine sand beaches – favorable conditions to establish deep-water ports, develop aquaculture and tourism, and set up concentrated IZs and PEZs.
Lagoons, bays and beaches of widespread fame make up a long list: Van Phong Bay, Nha Trang Bay, Cam Ranh Bay, Nha Phu Lagoon; the beaches of Dai Lanh, Doc Lech, Dam Mon, Bai Tien, Bai San, Bai Dai of Cam Ranh, … In addition, Khanh Hoa has up to 8 estuaries and 200 islands of every size and shape … A number of these islands have been sustainably exploited and made into tourist spots and areas with many attractive products luring more and more visitors to the province.
(2) Climate
Affected by both the tropical monsoon climate and the oceanic climate, Khanh Hoa is relatively mild with an annual average temperature of 260C, a total sum of temperatures of around 9,5000C, and a lot of sunshine. The summer is never too hot, while it is never too chilly in winter thanks to the presence of high mountains with mild and fresh air, and the absence of harsh phenomena such as heat waves or mist, etc. In these micro-climatic regions, there is frequent fog in the early morning and in the evening in late July and August, making nature even more fanciful – a favorable condition for developing convalescence and mountaineering tourism, as well as planting endemic tropical trees. With the distinct seasons, the average annual rainfall of more or less 2,000 mm concentrates mainly from September to December of the rainy season with 70-80% of the total amount. The rainy season in Nha Trang lasts only 2 months, leaving almost the whole year with warm sunshine, favorable for a long yearly tourist season.
(3) Hydrology
Khanh Hoa’s part of Truong Son range runs close to the coast, resulting in short and down-pouring streams and rivers. Besides, the great amount of rainfall upstream has helped create an abundant network of rivers and streams, with a density of 0.6-1 km/km2 and an average length of 10-15 km of the rivers. The two major rivers of Khanh Hoa are Cai River in Nha Trang and Cai River in Ninh Hoa.
Cai River of Nha Trang starts in the West from a mountain height of 1,500-2,000 m, with a basin of 1,750 m3 on an average. The river has a mean flow of 55.7 m3/s, dropping down to 7.32 m3/s during the driest period. This is the largest river of the province, connecting the plains of Dien Khanh and Nha Trang.
(4) Marine resources
Khanh Hoa há a lot of beautiful swimming beaches, especially Nha Trang beach lying right at the city center. Other remarkable beaches are: Tiên beach to the North of the City; the 4km-long Doc Lech beach in Ninh Hoa district; and Dai Lanh beach with a length of 3 km located in Van Ninh district. In addition, the large amount of in-shore islands of various sizes provide conditions for the development of tourist activities such as diving, sea entertainment, etc. Among these, Tre Island is widelyknown for its nice beaches such as Trũ, Tre, Bích Đầm, … With landscapes and seascapes endowed by nature together with other beauty spots and an ideal climate for a long tourist season, emphasized by many historical and cultural relics, Nha Trang has virtually found itself in the list of 10 major tourist centers nationwide, especially known for sea tourism.
The reserve of aquatic products in Khanh Hoa’s territorial waters is estimated at 150,000 tons, mainly pelagic fish (70%), with a regulated catch of 70,000 tons each year. Besides fish, cuttlefish and many kinds of mussels, Khanh Hoa’s sea is also home to the swiftlet, which yield a yearly exploitation output of about 2,000 kg of edible nests. A specialty almost unique in the whole country, the edible swiftlet nests are also a commodity of high value in exports and a precious material for the pharmaceutical industry.
With a relatively high salt concentration in the seawater, Khanh Hoa’s sea also means much to the production of salt and after-salt products, especially industrial salt.
(5) Forest resources
Khanh Hoa has presently a forest area of 186.5 ha with a reserve of 18.5 million m3 of timber. In this, 64.8% are productive forests, 34% protective forests, and 1.2% forests of specialized use. Most of the rich forests are in the high mountainous areas in Khanh Vinh, Khánh Sơn and Ninh Hoa districts. The average foliage of the forests is 38.5%, with the greatest amount in Khanh Vinh and Khanh Son.
(6) Mineral resources
Khanh Hoa abounds in such minerals as peat, molybdenum, kaolin, clay, mineral gold, mineral water, heat-resistant clay, silica sand, corals, granite, etc. Most remarkable among these are silica sand from Cam Ranh with a reserve of 55.2 million m3, which meets the technical requirements for manufacturing optical glass, crystal, …; construction sand at Ḥn Gốm peninsula of Van Ninh district with a reserve of about 555 million m3; ilmenite (260,000 tons); and granite (2 billion tons), In addition, mineral water with a reserve of around 40 l/s can be exploited at 3,400-3,500 m3/day. One of the successful industrial exploiters of mineral water is Danh Thanh Company with an output of 57 million liters per year.
Continued exploitation of Khanh Hoa’s mineral resources proves to be totally possible for the development of competitive products.
(7) Human resources
Khanh Hoa’s population is 1,111,000 in 2004, with urban residents making up 39.6% and the rest of rural inhabitants, and a general density of 209 persons/km2. The workforce consists of about 523,200, accounting for 47.1% of the province’s population. Thirty-three ethnic groups are now residing in Khanh Hoa, among whom the Kinh people make up 95.5%. Abounding in the workforce, Khanh Hoa is one of the 10 provinces nationwide with the largest amount of intellectuals. There are presently in the province 40 technological research institutions and more than 20,500 college and university graduates, over 200 people with post-graduate qualifications. The trained staff makes up over 25% of the workforce. Khanh Hoa is one of the few provinces with a large number of universities and research institutes. It is home to the University of Fisheries, the Teachers’ Training College, the Naval Academy, the Academy of Informatics Army Officers, the Air Force Academy, the Oceanography Institute, Pasteur Institute, the Vaccine Institute, etc.
* OVERVIEW OF KHANH HOA
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2. KHANH HOA ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IMPETUS OF SOUTHERN CENTRAL VIETNAM
3. ORIENTATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
4. INDUSTRIAL ZONES IN KHANH HOA
5. PRIORITY POLICIES FOR INVESTMENT IN KHANH HOA
